Patients with headaches often seek so-called alternative medicine (SCAM), including chiropractic care. Chiropractic spinal manipulation is one of the most commonly used techniques for these patients; however, its effectiveness remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chiropractic spinal manipulation in reducing headache days, episode duration, episode intensity, and medication intake in patients with headaches.
MEDLINE (Pubmed), PEDro, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to April 2024. PICO search strategy was used to identify randomized controlled trials applying chiropractic spinal manipulations versus sham manipulation, no additional intervention, or other conservative non-pharmacological interventions in patients with headaches. Eligible studies and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Quality of the studies was assessed with Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale, and risk of bias with Cochrane Collaboration tool. Certainty of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE approach.
Eight studies ranging from low to high methodological quality were included. The results were categorized into three subgroups: chiropractic manipulation versus sham, chiropractic manipulation versus control, and chiropractic manipulation versus deep friction massage. Among the five studies comparing chiropractic manipulation to sham, two found a significant reduction in the number of headache days. Of the three studies comparing chiropractic manipulation to another control, one reported a decrease in headache episode duration. No significant differences were observed for any other variable across the subgroups. The certainty of evidence was downgraded to very low.
We concluded that it is uncertain if chiropractic spinal manipulation is more effective than sham, control, or deep friction massage interventions for patients with headaches.
These conclusions might not surprise many readers. Yet, in at least one way, they are quite surprising: the version of the article we submitted to the ‘European Journal of Integrative Medicine’ had a substantially different conclusion; it was as follows:
What happened?
You may well ask!
The journal wanted us to change our conclusion! Because the main authors of our paper needed, for academic reasons, to publish without any further delay, they agreed to the demand. As far as I remember, such a thing is unprecedented in my ~50 years of publishing research in medical journals.
PS
It is also the last time I will have any dealings with the European Journal of Integrative Medicine
2 Responses to Is chiropractic spinal manipulation effective for the treatment of cervicogenic, tension-type, or migraine headaches?
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They wanted a more negative conclusion?
Of course it is effective for pain relief. No one feels pain when they are dead.